Nutrient Recommendations for Growing-up Milk: A Report of an Expert Panel

Utilization of expert recommendations in the development of food and beverage nutritional profiles represents an opportunity to merge science and food manufacturing to deliver nutritionally optimized products into the marketplace. This report details expert panel guidelines for the design of a nutritional product for children one to six years of age. This interaction demonstrates the essential synergy between academia and food manufacturers in translating nutrient recommendations to food for their delivery to a population. Important factors for such translation are the identification of applicable nutrient recommendations and selection of an appropriate delivery matrix. This report demonstrates the translation of expert nutritional recommendations to a milk-based product for children—one to six years of age.     

Effect of clove extract pretreatment and drying conditions on lipid oxidation and sensory discrimination of dried omena (Rastrineobola argentea) fish

Sun‐drying is a low‐cost, low‐technology fish preservation method frequently employed in developing areas. However, the process promotes lipid oxidation and its associated undesired flavours and odours. This study investigated low‐technology solutions for impact on lipid oxidation and sensory attributes of oven‐dried omena fish (Rastrineobola argentea). Two oven‐drying conditions and four doses of clove water extract ‘dip’ pretreatments were studied in a complete factorial design. Lipid oxidation in dried fish was assessed by TBARS, peroxide value and fatty acid analysis by GC‐FID. Results showed that soaking in 10 g L^?1 clove water extract for 1 h and oven‐drying at 150 °C × 30 min significantly reduced TBARS and peroxide values in omena fish by 77% and 79%, respectively, and polyene index showed improved retention of long‐chain polyunsaturated fats, compared to original drying condition. Lastly, panellists of a triangle test were able to discriminate between biscuits made with the modified and original dried fish.     

Traditional diets in everyday life: Perspectives from Hispanic Caribbean communities in New York City

Abstract

We utilized key informant interviews to examine traditional diet (TD) perceptions among members of the Hispanic Caribbean (HC) community in New York City (Dominicans, Cubans and Puerto Ricans, n?=?23). While the cuisines share many similarities, the interviews revealed differences in how the TDs were evaluated. Cubans emphasized the unhealthiness of their TD, while Dominicans and Puerto Ricans emphasized the importance of their TD in daily life. Participants identified unhealthy aspects of their TDs (predominance of carbohydrates and fried foods, and the lack of fresh fruits and vegetables), and discussed motivations for dietary changes (migration, the demands of new labor routines, health concerns, and spouse/family influence). The analysis demonstrates that distinct ideas, symbols, and meanings associated with TDs reflect how these communities relate to their heritage countries, as a result of distinct migration histories and global forces shaping cuisines and societies in the diaspora and the Caribbean.     

Comparative study of proximate composition and amino acid in farmed and wild Pseudobagrus ussuriensis muscles

The proximate composition and amino acid compositions of the muscle of wild and farmed Pseudobagrus ussuriensis were compared. The lipid content of the farmed fish was significantly higher, while moisture content was significantly lower, than those of the wild fish. Pseudobagrus ussuriensis protein has a well‐balanced amino acid composition. The percentages of total amino acids, essential amino acids, nonessential amino acids and delicious amino acids were significantly higher in the wild than those in farmed fish. The ratios of W_EAA to W_TAA (42.78%–43.02%) and W_EAA to W_NEAA (85.52%–87.74%) were comparable to the reference values of 40% and above 60% recommended by FAO/WHO. According to the amino acid scores, methionine would have been described as the first limiting amino acid, and Lys had the highest score for the protein in both wild and farmed Pseudobagrus ussuriensis. This study shows that Pseudobagrus ussuriensis under investigation have high nutritional qualities and are good protein resources.     

Development of novel functional ingredients: Need for testing systems and solutions with Caenorhabditis elegans

BackgroundNutrition is increasingly understood as a means of maintaining health and well-being and the market for functional foods keeps growing in double-digits. Functional nutrition is seen by many as the interphase between food and pharmaceuticals. In fact, players from both sides are increasingly making moves in the form of strategic alliances, M&A operations and co-investments which are bringing the two realms closer together.Food regulations to prove safety of novel ingredients or to support health claims are every day more stringent and the general public is also increasingly informed about the science, risks and benefits of what they eat. All this presents a magnificent opportunity for innovation and differentiation in the food industry, but also demands more investment, effort and rigour in its R&D.In programmes that also resemble pharmaceutical discovery and development, having high-throughput, appropriate models for screening, functional and mechanistic testing of novel ingredients will be crucial for success.Scope and approachThe most widespread in vitro and in vivo testing systems used in food and pharma, from cell cultures to rats, were assessed with regard to the most relevant aspects for novel functional ingredient discovery and development.Key findings and conclusionsAmongst all the testing and screening systems analysed, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans seems to be the one offering the most advantages for early preclinical studies due to its time and cost efficiency, high degree of similarity with human genetics and metabolism, ease of handling, scalability and regulatory status.     

导高职学生走进健身广场提升运动技能的探析

学校体育工作不仅是教育事业的有机组成部分,而且是全民健身事业的重要内容,还是全体公民终身体育的教育基础,为了使学生全面适应社会的发展,跟上时代的步伐,我们必须开发有效的学习手段来增强学生的学习能力,以适应现代教学需要和社会的需求。     

Daily Enteral DHA Supplementation Alleviates Deficiency in Premature Infants

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential fatty acid (FA) important for health and neurodevelopment. Premature infants are at risk of DHA deficiency and circulating levels directly correlate with health outcomes. Most supplementation strategies have focused on increasing DHA content in mother's milk or infant formula. However, extremely premature infants may not reach full feedings for weeks and commercially available parenteral lipid emulsions do not contain preformed DHA, so blood levels decline rapidly after birth. Our objective was to develop a DHA supplementation strategy to overcome these barriers. This double‐blind, randomized, controlled trial determined feasibility, tolerability and efficacy of daily enteral DHA supplementation (50 mg/day) in addition to standard nutrition for preterm infants (24–34 weeks gestational age) beginning in the first week of life. Blood FA levels were analyzed at baseline, full feedings and near discharge in DHA (n = 31) or placebo supplemented (n = 29) preterm infants. Term peers (n = 30) were analyzed for comparison. Preterm infants had lower baseline DHA levels (p < 0.0001). Those receiving DHA had a progressive increase in circulating DHA over time (from 3.33 to 4.09 wt% or 2.88 to 3.55 mol%, p < 0.0001) while placebo‐supplemented infants (receiving standard neonatal nutrition) had no increase over time (from 3.35 to 3.32 wt% or 2.91 to 2.87 mol%). Although levels increased with additional DHA supplementation, preterm infants still had lower blood DHA levels than term peers (4.97 wt% or 4.31 mol%) at discharge (p = 0.0002). No differences in adverse events were observed between the groups. Overall, daily enteral DHA supplementation is feasible and alleviates deficiency in premature infants.     

Lymphatic Transport of α-Linolenic Acid and Its Conversion to Long Chain n-3 Fatty Acids in Rats Fed Microemulsions of Linseed Oil

In the present study we evaluated the uptake of ALA and its conversion to EPA + DHA in rats given linseed oil (LSO) in native form or as a microemulsion in whey protein or in lipoid. In a single oral dose study in which rats maintained on rodent pellets deficient in ω-3 fatty acids were intubated with 0.35 g LSO in lipoid, the amount of ALA present in lymph was increased reaching a maximum concentration of 16.23 mg/ml at 2.5 h. The amount of ALA present in lymph was increased to a maximum level of 10.95 mg/ml at 4 h in rats given LSO as a microemulsion in whey protein. When LSO was given without emulsification, the amount of ALA present in lymph was found to reach a maximum level of 7.08 mg/ml at 6 h. A similar result was observed when weaning rats were intubated with 0.15 g of LSO per day for a period of 60 days. Higher levels of ALA by 41 and 103 % were observed in lymph lipids of rats given microemulsions of LSO in whey protein and in lipoid respectively as compared to rats given LSO without pre-emulsification. Very little conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA was observed in lymph lipids but higher amounts of EPA + DHA was observed in liver and serum of rats given LSO in microemulsion form. This study indicated that ALA concentration in lymph lipids was increased when LSO was given in microemulsion form in lipoid and further conversion to EPA and DHA was facilitated in liver and serum.     

On the separation in 2-period double round robin tournaments with minimum breaks

This paper considers the separation in 2-period double round robin tournaments (2P-DRRTs) with minimum breaks. The separation is a lower bound on the number of slots between the two games with the same opponents. None of known schemes provides 2P-DRRTs with minimum breaks and a positive separation. We first propose a new scheme to generate 2-separation 2P-DRRTs with minimum breaks, based on single round robin tournaments (SRRTs) with minimum breaks which have the last break in the third slot from the end. Our experiment results show that such SRRTs exist for 8-68 teams. Secondly, we consider maximizing the separation in general 2P-DRRTs with minimum breaks by integer programming and constraint programming, respectively. The two approaches of direct formulation and “first-break, then-schedule” decomposition are presented and compared. We obtain the maximum separation for up to 14 teams. Furthermore, we consider the application with place constraints to show the flexibility and efficiency of scheduling 2P-DRRTs with minimum breaks and a positive separation.     

酵母创新价值的研究

以食品的安全、美味、营养为对象,阐述了酵母及酵母衍生产品在传统发酵面食、食品铝害、盐与健康以及现代人的营养问题等几个领域的创新价值.